Đáp án B

-Chỉ có Mg phản ứng:            Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

n_H2 = 3,733: 22,4 = 0,167 mol

=> n_Mg = n_H2 = 0,167 mol => m_Mg = 0,167.24 = 4g

=> %m_Mg = 4: 10 = 40%

TK

cảm ơn nhiều nhá ​

a: 

Cu không tác dụng với HCl

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

     0,2     0,4          0,2        0,2

\(m_{Mg}=0.2\cdot24=4.8\left(g\right)\)

\(\%Mg=\dfrac{4.8}{10}=48\%\)

b: \(m_{MgCl_2}=0.2\left(24+35.5\cdot2\right)=19\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd\left(Saupư\right)}=4.8+90-0.2\cdot2=94.4\)

=>\(C\%=\dfrac{19}{94.4}\simeq20,13\%\)

\(m_{Mg}=1,2\left(g\right)\)

=> \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{1,2}{24}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

____0,05--------------------->0,05

2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

\(\dfrac{1}{30}\)<--------------------0,05

=> \(m_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{30}.27=0,9\left(g\right)\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,9}{0,9+1,2}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%Mg=\dfrac{1,2}{0,9+1,2}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 3 : 

a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$

b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$

Bài 4 : 

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$

Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\%  = 60,87\%$

$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$

b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}=  1,25(lít)$

3a) \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100=27,28\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100-27,28=72,73\%\)

b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{13,2-3,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

Mg + 2H2SO4 → MgSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

\(m_{muối}=0,15.160+0,15.120=42\left(g\right)\)

-Chỉ có Mg phản ứng :            Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

nH2 = 3,733 : 22,4 = 0,167 mol

=> nMg = nH2 = 0,167 mol => mMg = 0,167.24 = 4g

=> %mMg = 4 : 10 = 40%